Preventive and Repressive Legal Remedies for the Inheritance Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities
Keywords:
inheritance rights, mental disorders, guardianship, preventive protection, repressive protectionAbstract
This study analyzes the legal protection system for the inheritance rights of individuals with mental disorders under the Indonesian Civil Code (Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Perdata), focusing on preventive and repressive mechanisms. Preventive protection is regulated under Articles 838, 433, 437, and 449 of the Civil Code, which ensure that inheritance rights remain intact, the guardianship procedure is conducted strictly and transparently, and the management of inherited assets is supervised by the Estate Affairs Office (Balai Harta Peninggalan). Repressive protection is governed under Articles 1320 and 1365 of the Civil Code, which serve to invalidate agreements made without legal capacity and to claim compensation for unlawful acts that harm inheritance rights. The findings indicate that both forms of protection are complementary, where preventive protection acts as the initial layer to prevent loss, while repressive protection serves as a safety net when violations nevertheless occur. The primary finding of this research affirms that individuals with mental disorders do not lose their inheritance rights; rather, these rights are managed through the guardianship institution under the supervision of the Estate Affairs Office, with procedures designed to prevent abuse. This study recommends strengthening the role of the Estate Affairs Office in monitoring the performance of guardians and enhancing public socialization regarding the existence of these protection mechanisms.
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