Performance Feedback Accuracy Decline and Delay in Hybrid Work Arrangements

Authors

  • Rahayu Mardikaningsih Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya
  • Siti Nur Halizah Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya
  • Mila Hariani Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya
  • Didit Darmawan Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya
  • Reny Nuraini Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya

Keywords:

hybrid work, performance feedback, direct observation, feedback delay, output focus

Abstract

This conceptual study examines how hybrid work arrangements reduce performance feedback quality through loss of direct observation, feedback delays, and output only focus. Findings reveal that direct observation loss decreases feedback accuracy because managers lose access to rich behavioral information. Absence of spontaneous physical interaction delays feedback until scheduled meetings. Limited process information pushes managers toward output only evaluation, stripping feedback of process dimensions. Information asymmetry increases between managers and subordinates, creating uncertainty that makes feedback generic and unspecific. Outcome based management dominates, encouraging narrow optimization behavior and reducing collaboration. Available monitoring technology cannot replace observational richness. New and junior employees suffer most from lost intensive guidance. High trust organizational cultures adapt better than high control cultures. Long term consequences threaten organizational competitiveness through collective human capital decline. Managers must redesign feedback processes with mechanisms compensating for direct observation loss. Organizations should develop new systems capturing process information without violating privacy. Trust building represents prerequisite before hybrid work can function effectively.

References

Abdullah, M. H. A. B., Gardi, B., & Darmawan, D. (2021). Innovation in human resource management to enhance organizational competitiveness in the era of globalization. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(1), 51–58.

Babbie, E., & Edgerton, J. D. (2023). Fundamentals of social research. Cengage Canada.

Barnes-Farrell, J. L. (2013). Performance appraisal: Person perception processes and challenges. In Handbook of psychology (pp. 161–180). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410600608-15

Barzani, L. A., Darmawan, D., & Zulkarnain, M. A. B. (2022). The application of sustainable supply chain management principles in the manufacturing industry to improve operational performance and corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 1(1), 38–45.

Bloom, N., & Liang, J. (2024). Hybrid working from home improves retention without damaging performance. Nature, 630, 612–617. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07500-2

Brodersen, A. (2024). Return to office policies: Considerations, concerns, and recommendations. Journal of Business and Management Perspectives, 12(2), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.69847/rzm43ap8

Chhapola, A. (2024). Evaluating the efficiency of continuous feedback systems in performance management modules. Journal of Quantum Science and Technology, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.63345/jqst.v1i3.201

Collins, B. J., Mossholder, K. W., & Taylor, S. G. (2012). Does process fairness affect job performance? It only matters if they plan to stay. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(7), 1007–1026. https://doi.org/10.1002/JOB.1779

Costa, A. C. (2017). Trust in organizations. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 24, 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.05741-2

Cunha, J., Errichiello, L., & Pianese, T. (2023). The axis of accessibility and the duality of control of remote workers: A literature review. Journal of Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1177/02683962231208218

da Silva, B. dos S., Darmawan, D., & Gardi, B. (2022). A systematic approach to risk management to enhance information technology project success in a dynamic business environment. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 213–218.

Darmawan, D. (2020). Health, well-being, and productivity of senior employees in the era of artificial intelligence. Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 1(2), 43–50.

Darmawan, D. (2021). Social interaction in digital society: Changes in online communication patterns and dynamics of virtual communities. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 1(1), 325–350.

Darmawan, D. (2022). Posthuman human resource management in organizations using generative artificial intelligence. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 2(2), 97–124.

Darmawan, D. (2023). Innovation Culture That Balances Technological Speed with the Depth of Humanistic Thought. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 4(1), 47–54.

Darmawan, D. (2023). Knowledge Management as a Source Of Competitive Advantage in Information Technology Companies. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 3(2), 44–50.

Darmawan, D. (2023). Measuring Employee Productivity in the Digital Era by Considering Human Creativity and Innovation. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 4(3), 47–53.

Darmawan, D. (2023). Social Inclusion for Older Workers in the Implementation of Digital Technology within Organizations. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 4(2), 44–51.

Darmawan, D. (2023). The Concept Of Remote Work: A Literature Review on its Impact on Work Dynamics, Psychological Well-Being, and Social Relationships Among Employees. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 3(3), 49–55.

Darmawan, D. (2024). Strategies for Enhancing Employee Knowledge fnd Engagement in Automated Routine Work. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 6(1), 65–71.

Darmawan, D. (2024). The Influence of Empowering Leadership Style on Enhancing Team Members’ Autonomy and Innovation Capacity. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 6(3), 48–55. Retrieved from https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/232

Darmawan, D. (2024). The Role of Technology in Promoting or Hindering Gender Equality in the Workplace. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 6(2), 67–73.

Darmawan, D. (2024). Workforce Diversity Management Strategies for Enhancing Innovation and Team Performance. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 5(2), 53–59. Retrieved from https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/230

Darmawan, D., & Mardikaningsih , R. (2023). The Role of Flexible Organizational Structures in Enhancing Corporate Adaptability to Environmental Dynamics. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 3(1), 44–49.

Darmawan, D., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2021). The role of positive psychological factors in enhancing employee engagement and commitment to work tasks. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 1(2), 37–44.

Darmawan, D., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2022). The Role of Positive Psychological Factors in Enhancing Employee Engagement and Commitment to Work Tasks. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 1(2), 37–45.

Darmawan, D., Mardikaningsih, R., Sinambela, E. A., Arifin, S., Putra, A. R., Hariani, M., Irfan, M., Al Hakim, Y. R., & Issalillah, F. (2020). The quality of human resources, job performance and employee loyalty. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(3), 2580–2592.

Ebojoh, S., & Högberg, K. (2024). Exploring leadership in the hybrid workplace. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning, 17(4), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v17i4.50857

Eddine, B. A. S., & Darmawan, D. (2021). Professional employees, manual workers, and informal workers in achieving work-life balance. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 1(1), 209–226.

Eddine, B. A. S., & Darmawan, D. (2022). Social construction of work-life balance in cultural and organizational norms. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 2(1), 213–234.

Eddine, B. A. S., & Darmawan, D. (2023). Effective hybrid working models to improve employee performance and engagement in organizations. Journal of Social Science Studies, 3(1), 241–248.

Eddine, B. A. S., Darmawan, D., Mardikaningsih, R., & Sinambela, E. A. (2023). The effect of knowledge management and quality of work life on employee commitment. Journal of Human Sciences, 10(1), 87–100.

Essa, N. E., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2023). Sustainable and fair technology for an equitable society. Journal of Social Science Studies, 3(1), 355–362.

Fared, M. A., & Darmawan, D. (2021). Design and implementation of cross-functional training to improve team collaboration. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(1), 215–220.

Gillespie, N., Searle, R., Gustafsson, S., & Hailey, V. H. (2020). Preserving employee trust during crisis. Behavioral Science & Policy, 6(2), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1353/BSP.2020.0016

Golden, T. D., Barnes-Farrell, J. L., & Mascharka, P. B. (2009). Implications of virtual management for subordinate performance appraisals: A pair of simulation studies. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(7), 1589–1608. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1559-1816.2009.00496.X

Golden, T. D., Ford, M. T., & Cocco, J. (2023). To trust or not to trust? Toward understanding remote work and its implications for managers. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2023(1). https://doi.org/10.5465/amproc.2023.17427abstract

Gong, B., Tobias, P., & Young-Bristol, J. (2022). Leveraging resources to improve supervisors’ vision in the remote workplace. Management Research Review, 45(11), 1422–1435. https://doi.org/10.1108/mrr-12-2021-0916

Hariani, M., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2022). The performance of authenticity and the commodification of parasocial bonds: Twin pillars of influencer culture on social media. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 2(2), 385–412.

Hofmann, C., & Indjejikian, R. (2022). Transparency in hierarchies. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4027192

Jahroni, J., & Darmawan, D. (2024). The moderating role of psychological well-being on the relationship between compensation and employee performance. EKOMA: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi, 3(6), 3010–3018.

Kalischko, T., & Riedl, R. (2021). Electronic performance monitoring in the digital workplace: Conceptualization, review of effects and moderators, and future research opportunities. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 633031. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2021.633031

Khatun, A., Singh, V., & Joshi, A. (2024). Perception of employees towards learning in hybrid workplace: A study of university faculty. The Learning Organization, 31(5), 512–527. https://doi.org/10.1108/tlo-12-2022-0163

Khayru, R. K., & Arifin , S. (2025). Corporate Efforts and Strategies in Fulfilling Responsibility for Employee Mental Health in the Era of Digital Productivity Pressure . International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 7(1), 44–52. Retrieved from https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/235

Kim, T., Mullins, L. B., & Yoon, T. (2021). Supervision of telework: A key to organizational performance. The American Review of Public Administration, 51(4), 263–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074021992058

Kiwert, K., & Walecka, A. (2022). Challenges and problems of hybrid work: Employees’ perspective. Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, 45, 27–48. https://doi.org/10.33119/jmfs.2022.45.2

Mardikaningsih, R., & Darmawan, D. (2021). Business sustainability strategies in the facing of regulatory uncertainty and managerial challenges. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(2), 111–118.

Mardikaningsih, R., & Darmawan, D. (2022). The role of self-efficacy in predicting employee adaptability to technological change in the workplace. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 2(3), 43–55.

Mardikaningsih, R., & Nuraini, R. (2022). Implementation of Circular Economy Principles for Sustainable Waste Management in the Industrial Sector. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 1(3), 41–47.

Mardikaningsih, R., Halizah, S. N., Darmawan, D., Masithoh, N., & Nuraini, R. (2022). Examining the Role of Authentic Leadership in Shaping Positive Work Climate and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 2(1), 52–59.

Mardikaningsih, R., Halizah, S. N., Nuraini, R., & Darmawan, D. (2022). The role of ethical leadership in shaping a positive and sustainable organizational culture. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 2(2), 48–55.

Mardikaningsih, R., Hariani, M., Darmawan, D., Halizah, S. N., & Nuraini, R. (2024). The Impact of Digital Monitoring on Employee Work Autonomy and Professional Responsibility. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 5(3), 60–67. Retrieved from https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/231

Mardikaningsih, R., Hariani, M., Issalillah, F., & Nuraini, R. (2024). Organizational Innovation Strategies as Drivers of Business Resilience and Competitiveness in the Global Environment. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 6(3), 56–65. Retrieved from https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/233

May, T., & Perry, B. (2022). Social research: Issues, methods and process. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).

Mertens, S., & Schollaert, E. (2023). Performance feedback during a pandemic – (Social) distancing from feedback? Journal of Personnel Psychology, 22(4), 185–195. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000317

Nikolsky, Y. A. (2024). Evaluating the effectiveness of sales managers when working remotely in a large IT company. Èkonomika i Upravlenie: Problemy, Rešeniâ, 3/7(144), 282–294. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.03.07.034

Onesto, A. T. (2022). The true cost of metric fixation. In Metric Fixation in Higher Education (pp. 69–74). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-8054-6_7

Pullokaran, L. J., & Joseph, P. K. (2023). Working remotely: Employees benefits and challenges. International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences, 7(1), 34–37. https://doi.org/10.46647/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i01.007

Putra, A. R., Arifin, S., & Darmawan , D. (2024). Gamification-Based Learning that Preserves Cooperation and Empathy Among Employees. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 5(1), 43–50. Retrieved from https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/229

Putra, A. R., Mardikaningsih, R., & Darmawan, D. (2021). Organisational social capital and team collaboration as supports for total quality management. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 1(1), 129–146.

Ramle, N. L. B., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2022). Inclusivity in technology-based services: Access and skills challenges. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 225–230.

Rojak, J. A., Darmawan, D., & Khayru, R. K. (2022). Transformational leadership as an agent of social change in organizational value systems. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 2(1), 191–212.

Salgado, M., Núñez, J., & Mackenna, B. (2021). Expectations of trustworthiness in cross-status interactions. Social Science Research, 99, 102596. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SSRESEARCH.2021.102596

Sbalzer, V. (2024). Balancing trust and surveillance in hybrid work: Insights from a pilot study on workplace monitoring. Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, 25(1), 745–752. https://doi.org/10.34190/eckm.25.1.2902

Singh, A. (2018). Continuous performance-based feedback and justice perceptions: Evidence for mediation by experienced participation. IIMB Management Review, 30(2), 134–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IIMB.2018.01.005

Thakkar, K., & Acharya, A. (2023). A comparative study of remote work and hybrid work models: Adapting to the new normal. In Contemporary Trends in Business and Management (pp. 689–702). https://doi.org/10.56155/978-81-955020-2-8-61

Warin, A. K., & Darmawan, D. (2024). Fostering adaptive employees: The importance of continuous feedback in HR development. Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 3(3), 27–34.

Downloads

Published

2025-02-27

How to Cite

Mardikaningsih, R., Halizah, S. N., Hariani, M., Darmawan, D., & Nuraini, R. (2025). Performance Feedback Accuracy Decline and Delay in Hybrid Work Arrangements. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 7(1), 53–62. Retrieved from https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/236

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>