Juridical Responsibilities and Ethical Implications of Notaries in Making Deeds of Sale and Purchase of Customary Land Without Certificate of Ownership in Indonesia

Lathifatul  Khusna; Sudjai Sudjai; Sulani Sulani; Mujito Mujito; Rahayu Mardikaningsih

Authors

Lathifatul Khusna University of Sunan Giri Surabaya
Sudjai Sudjai University of Sunan Giri Surabaya
Sulani Sulani University of Sunan Giri Surabaya
Mujito Mujito University of Sunan Giri Surabaya
Rahayu Mardikaningsih University of Sunan Giri Surabaya

Keywords:

Notary, sale and purchase deed, customary land, land ownership certificate, juridical responsibility, professional ethics

Abstract

This study analyzes the complexity of the juridical responsibilities and ethical implications faced by notaries in the drafting of sale and purchase deeds for customary land lacking land ownership certificates in Indonesia. The phenomenon of customary land transactions without formal proof of ownership presents unique challenges for notaries, particularly in fulfilling their duties to verify the validity of land rights and ensure legal protection for involved parties. Employing a normative juridical and sociological approach, this research elaborates on the distinctions between mechanisms for recognizing land rights under customary law and the national agrarian system, while also identifying the potential legal risks encountered by notaries in the exercise of their authority. The findings reveal that active involvement of notaries is indispensable—not only in documenting the transactional process and engaging with indigenous leaders, but also in ensuring that empirical practices within communities are properly aligned with positive legal requirements. Furthermore, the enforcement of civil, administrative, and criminal sanctions for rule violations is critical to maintaining the integrity of the notarial profession and fostering deterrence. Enhanced synergy among the government, indigenous communities, and notarial institutions is recommended to provide improved legal protection and certainty for parties to such land transactions, and to construct a justice system that is more responsive to societal needs.

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