Parenting Styles, Emotional Resilience, and Behavioral Adjustment Among Urban Adolescents

Mila Hariani; Fayola  Issalillah; José Mendes  Corte-Real

Authors

Mila Hariani University of Sunan Giri Surabaya
Fayola Issalillah University of Sunan Giri Surabaya
José Mendes Corte-Real Universidade Oriental Timor Lorosa'e

Keywords:

parenting patterns, adolescent mental health, urban adolescence, emotional regulation, family dynamics, psychological resilience, youth development

Abstract

This literature review explores the relationship between parenting patterns and adolescent mental health in metropolitan environments. Drawing upon academic sources from multiple disciplines, the review synthesizes empirical and theoretical findings to identify how caregiving practices impact emotional and behavioral outcomes in youth. The analysis highlights that authoritative parenting, which balances responsiveness with firm guidance, consistently correlates with psychological resilience. In contrast, authoritarian, neglectful, or inconsistent patterns are frequently linked to internalizing disorders such as anxiety and depression. The discussion extends these findings by examining urban-specific factors including socioeconomic stress, cultural variation, peer influence, and digital exposure, all of which modulate the effects of parenting on adolescent psychological development. Gender differences and cultural interpretations are considered as critical mediators in the parenting-mental health dynamic. The review concludes that urban parenting requires adaptive frameworks capable of responding to the heightened demands of metropolitan life. These insights offer valuable implications for policy, family counseling, and youth mental health services.

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